{"id":12785,"url":"https://api.musopen.org/v2/scores/12785/","number":0,"title":"Complete score","edition":null,"piece":{"id":7276,"url":"https://api.musopen.org/v2/pieces/7276/","slug":"piano-sonata-no-20-in-a-major-d-959","title":"Piano Sonata no. 20 in A major, D. 959","description":"The Sonata for piano in A major, D. 959 is part of the composer's last set of sonatas, written during the last months of his life, between the spring and autumn of 1828. The set was published ten years after his death, and mostly neglected during the 19th century. By the late 20th century, however, public and critical opinion had changed, and Schubert's last sonatas are now considered amongst the most important of the composer's mature masterpieces. They are part of the core piano repertoire, appearing regularly on concert programs and recordings. One of the reasons for the long period of neglect of Schubert's piano sonatas seems to be their dismissal as structurally and dramatically inferior to the sonatas of Beethoven. In fact, the last sonatas contain distinct allusions and similarities to works by Beethoven, a composer Schubert venerated. However, musicological analysis has shown that they maintain a mature, individual style. Schubert's last sonatas are now praised for their mature style, manifested in unique features such as a cyclical formal and tonal design, chamber music textures, and a rare depth of emotional expression.","movements":"","composer":{"id":24,"url":"https://api.musopen.org/v2/composers/24/","slug":"franz-schubert","first_name":"Franz","last_name":"Schubert","date_of_birth":"31st January 1797","place_of_birth":"Himmelpfortgrund, Vienna, Austria","date_of_death":"19th November 1828","description":"Franz Peter Schubert was an Austrian composer. Although he died at an early age, Schubert was tremendously prolific. He wrote some 600 Lieder, nine symphonies (including the famous \"Unfinished Symphony\"), liturgical music, operas, some incidental music, and a large body of chamber and solo piano music. Appreciation of his music during his lifetime was limited, but interest in Schubert's work increased dramatically in the decades following his death at the age of 31. Franz Liszt, Robert Schumann, Johannes Brahms and Felix Mendelssohn, among others, discovered and championed his works in the 19th Century. Today, Schubert is admired as one of the leading exponents of the early Romantic era in music and he remains one of the most frequently performed composers.","image":"https://s.musopen.org/media/images/composers/Franz_Schubert_by_Wilhelm_August_Rieder_1875.jpg","is_featured":true,"is_bookmarked":false},"form":{"id":15,"url":"https://api.musopen.org/v2/forms/15/","slug":"sonata","name":"Sonata","description":"A sonata is a work in three or four movements (rarely two, or more than four) for a single instrument or a small number of performers. The term evolved through the history of music, designating a variety of forms prior to the Classical era. By the early 19th century the word came to define a multi movement work, almost always including a first movement in the so called 'sonata form', a second movement of a slow, contrasting character; a dance for third movement, and a finale in a rondo, theme and variations, or sonata form. The term 'sonata form' refers to the layout of the first movement of a sonata, which confronts two main themes of different quality, develops them and then recapitulates. This soon became a basic principle in academic music writing. It was applied to many forms of large works, and, together with the fugue, defined the composition and musical analysis procedures for almost a century. Today it is still widely studied, and sonatas continued to be written, even if musical languages have changed.","is_bookmarked":false},"period":{"id":4,"url":"https://api.musopen.org/v2/periods/4/","slug":"romantic","name":"Romantic","description":"The term 'Romantic music' denotes a period of Western academic music that lasted throughout most of the 19th century, framing itself in Romanticism, the European artistic and literary movement. Romantic music is often characterized as being a reaction to the contained elegance and purity of the Classical period, though the reality is far more complex. Romantic composers were often fascinated with several -often contradictory- subjects: Nature and man's constant struggle against it, everything supernatural and fabulous, the mythical past, the autobiographical and the heroic, the isolated genius, the future of mankind. Improvements in instrumental design and technique, and the growth of orchestras, expanded the possibilities for composers. The rise of the middle class and the emancipation of musicians from courts and patrons represented a change in the way music reached the society. Some of the Romantic composers took an interest in nationalistic music, expressing the state of turmoil that Europe suffered. Musical forms continued to develop: while symphonies became longer and more complex, short musical forms blossomed (such as Chopin's nocturnes). Interest in preservation of the music of the past grew, as well as the will to develop music beyond its current state in terms of form, harmony, counterpoint, etc. ","is_bookmarked":false},"instruments":[{"id":37,"url":"https://api.musopen.org/v2/instruments/37/","slug":"piano","name":"Piano","description":"The piano is a keyboard-based music instrument. Its versatility and pervasiveness, together with its polyphonic capabilities have made it one of the world's most employed instruments, and a crucial piece in the development of the Western musical tradition. It's name is a shortened form of 'pianoforte', terms which in Italian respectively mean 'soft' and 'loud', referring the fact that the pianoforte had the capability of producing variations in volume which previous keyboard instruments could not.\r\nStandard pianos have 52 white keys and 36 black ones, for a total of 88. They are chordophones: pressing any key activates a mechanism which makes a hammer strike a set of strings. The sound produced is amplified via the soundboard and body of the piano. \r\nBeing one of the most influential instruments in the history of music, the piano has undergone many changes and technological innovations, from the insertion of the damper and tonal pedals, to the creation of electric, electronic, and digital pianos.","image":"https://s.musopen.org/media/images/instruments/pexels-juan-pablo-serrano-arenas-1246437_1.jpg","is_bookmarked":false}],"key":{"id":4,"url":"https://api.musopen.org/v2/keys/4/","slug":"a-major","name":"A Major","is_bookmarked":false},"licenses":["CC-PD"],"avg_duration":null,"practice_difficulty":"hard","rcm_difficulty_level":"","rating":4.5,"hits":76067,"is_bookmarked":false},"key":null,"instruments":[],"rating":0.0,"fileurl":"https://dl.musopen.org/sheetmusic/65cf22e5-59e3-4cfc-858c-15ca9dc28f77.pdf?filename=Complete%20score.pdf","is_bookmarked":false}